Choquequirao, known as the “sacred sister of Machu Picchu”, is one of the most enigmatic and least explored destinations in Peru. Located in the heart of the Cusco region, this archaeological site stands out not only for its impressive size and Inca architecture, but also for its location in the majestic Apurimac Canyon. Unlike its more famous counterpart, Machu Picchu, Choquequirao remains a quiet and less crowded place, allowing visitors to experience the majesty of the Inca Empire in an intimate and authentic way. In this article, we will explore everything about Choquequirao in depth, from its history and architecture to the best routes to take to get there and essential tips for travelers.
Choquequirao: The Cradle of Gold
The name Choquequirao comes from two words of Aymara and Quechua origin: “chuqui”, which means gold, and “k’iraw”, which translates as cradle. Choquequirao is literally known as the “Cradle of Gold”, a name that refers to the golden glow of the metamorphic rocks that make up its structures. This archaeological complex reflects the greatness of the Inca Empire, being an important agricultural and religious center in its time.
Choquequirao Location
Choquequirao is located in the Alto Salkantay sector, in the community of Yanama, district of Santa Teresa, province of La Convención, Cusco. Located at an altitude of 3,040 meters above sea level, the site is surrounded by the lush beauty of the Apurimac Canyon, offering spectacular views and a natural environment rich in biodiversity.
History
Choquequirao, built during the period of expansion of the Inca Empire under the rule of Pachacuti and his son Tupac Inca Yupanqui, served as an important control center to the Amazon jungle. This site was not only a strategic military point, but also a center of religious rituals and agricultural production, especially coca. Although less documented than Machu Picchu, Choquequirao played a crucial role in Inca resistance during the Spanish conquest, serving as a refuge for the last Incas of Vilcabamba.
Routes to get to Choquequirao
Getting to Choquequirao is not an easy task, but the adventure and panoramic views more than make up for the effort. The most common starting point is the city of Cusco, from where you can travel to the small town of Cachora, in the province of Abancay. From Cachora, the hike to Choquequirao begins at the Capuliyoc viewpoint, at 2,915 meters above sea level. There are several routes to reach Choquequirao, each with its own level of difficulty and duration.
- The Classic Route: This is the most popular and frequented route, starting in the town of Cachora. The hike extends for approximately 32 kilometers and can be completed in 4 to 5 days, depending on the pace of the traveler and weather conditions. Along the way, adventurers will experience a series of challenging climbs and descents, crossing the Apurimac Canyon and enjoying breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains.
- Huanipaca Route: For those seeking a road less traveled, the Huanipaca route offers a shorter and less crowded alternative. It begins in the town of Huanipaca, in the province of Abancay, and follows a trail that crosses the Apurimac River. This route is slightly more demanding due to its steep terrain, but offers a more isolated and peaceful trekking experience.
- Mollepata Route: This less accessible route starts in Mollepata and crosses the Salkantay pass, passing through the farming community of Yanama before reaching Choquequirao. With a duration of approximately 5 days and a distance of 135 kilometers, this route is ideal for experienced hikers who are looking for an additional challenge and are willing to face more extreme conditions.
Choquequirao to Machu Picchu Trek
For the more adventurous, there is the option of combining Choquequirao with Machu Picchu in an epic trek of 7 to 9 days. This route starts with the classic trek to Choquequirao and continues to Yanama, Santa Teresa and finally Machu Picchu. This trek is an excellent way to explore the geographical and cultural diversity of the Cusco region, crossing deep valleys, snow-capped mountains and cloud forests.
Difficulty of the Choquequirao Hike
The Choquequirao trek is classified as moderate to high difficulty, due to its demanding ascents and descents, as well as the altitude and changing weather conditions. It is recommended that travelers be in good physical condition and have previous trekking experience. Acclimatization is crucial, as changes in altitude can affect performance and well-being during the trek.
Where to Stay in Choquequirao
Unlike other more developed tourist sites, Choquequirao offers a more rustic and authentic experience. Most visitors opt to camp at designated sites along the trail and within the archaeological complex. These campsites are well equipped with basic facilities such as bathrooms and cooking areas, allowing hikers to enjoy nature and rest comfortably.
Weather in Choquequirao
The climate in Choquequirao varies significantly due to its location in the jungle and its proximity to the Apurimac Canyon. The dry season, from April to October, is the best time to visit, as it offers clear skies and more stable temperatures. During the day, temperatures can reach 25°C, while at night they can drop to as low as 4°C. The rainy season, from November to March, brings frequent mist and rain, which can make trekking difficult.
Main Attractions of Choquequirao
Choquequirao extends over more than 1,800 hectares, and although much of the site has yet to be discovered, the excavated sectors offer a fascinating glimpse into Inca life. Among the main attractions are:
- The Hanan Temple: Located north of the main square, this temple is a masterpiece of Inca architecture, with terraces, enclosures and water channels that reflect the advanced engineering of the Incas.
- The Depósitos or Qolqas: Designed to store food and other essential products, these deposits are a sample of the economic and social organization of the Incas. Located to the southeast of the Hanan Temple, the qolqas stand out for their ample and well ventilated structures.
- Main Plaza Sector: Considered the most important part of the complex, Choquequirao’s central plaza is home to several notable buildings, including the Kallankas, large two-story structures used as residences and administrative centers.
- The Ushno: This astronomical and ceremonial observatory is located atop a hill and offers unparalleled panoramic views of the Apurimac canyon. The Ushno was used for religious rituals and astronomical observations, underlining the spiritual importance of the site.
- The Sacred Terraces: The terraces of Choquequirao are a testimony to the agricultural skills of the Incas. Among them are the terraces of the llamas, which are decorated with figures of llamas carved in white stone, and the terraces of Paraqtepata, used for cultivation with a complex irrigation system.
- Los Andenes de las Llamas: Discovered in 2002, these terraces are famous for their impressive stone designs representing llamas, a sacred and fundamental animal in the life of the Incas. This section is one of the most photographed and loved by visitors.
The Historical and Cultural Importance of Choquequirao
Choquequirao is more than just a set of ruins; it is a reflection of the sophistication of the Inca civilization and its ability to adapt and thrive in difficult geographical conditions. The site not only served as a strategic point for territorial control, but also as a center of worship and agricultural production. The complexity of its structures and the precision in the construction of its terraces and irrigation canals are a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the Incas.
Tips for Visiting Choquequirao
If you are considering an adventure to Choquequirao, here are some tips to make the most of your experience:
- Prepare your trekking gear: Be sure to pack adequate clothing for trekking, a sleeping bag that can withstand low temperatures and a sturdy tent. Don’t forget to pack sunscreen, insect repellent and sufficient supplies of water and food.
- Acclimatization: Due to the altitude, it is advisable to spend at least one day in Cusco to acclimatize before starting the trek. This will help reduce the risk of altitude sickness.
- Guides and tours: Although it is possible to do the trek on your own, hiring a guide or joining a tour can enrich the experience by providing detailed information about the history and culture of the place. In addition, agencies often include equipment and supplies, which makes logistics easier.
- Respect the environment: Choquequirao is a protected archaeological site, so it is important to follow the rules of the place, avoid damaging the structures and take all garbage back with you.
Conclusion
Choquequirao is a unique destination that offers an authentic and immersive experience for lovers of history, archaeology and trekking. Its challenging access makes it a special place, away from the crowds, where you can connect deeply with nature and the grandeur of the Inca civilization. Whether you are drawn to its rich history, its spectacular views or the promise of an unforgettable adventure, Choquequirao is a hidden treasure that deserves to be explored. Whether you are a seasoned trekker or a history enthusiast, Choquequirao awaits you with its mysterious charm and impressive legacy.
Frequently Asked Questions
- How to get to Choquequirao from Cusco? From Cusco, you can travel to the town of Cachora by bus or car, and then start the hike from the Capuliyoc viewpoint. The routes vary in length and difficulty, so choose the one that best suits your level of experience.
- Is it necessary to hire a guide to visit Choquequirao? It is not mandatory, but it is recommended. A guide can provide valuable information about the history and culture of the site, as well as ensure a safer and more organized experience.
- How long does the trek to Choquequirao take? Depending on the chosen route and walking pace, the Choquequirao trek can take between 4 and 9 days.
- When is the best time to visit Choquequirao? The best time is during the dry season, from April to October, when weather conditions are more stable and rains are less frequent.
- What should I bring for the Choquequirao trek? It is essential to bring a light backpack, adequate clothing for trekking, a warm sleeping bag, tent, sunscreen, insect repellent, and enough food and water.
- Are there lodging options in Choquequirao? There are no hotels or lodges in Choquequirao; the only option is to camp in the designated sites along the trek and inside the archaeological complex.
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